PCCRINDIA

Pragjyotish

Centre for Cultural Research (PCCR)

Indian Art and Aesthetics

Certificate Course

ELIGIBILITY LEVEL: 12th+

  • Course Duration:

    6 Months

  • Course Mode: Online

    Weekly 2–3 hours (Lecture + Visual Analysis)

Course Objectives

This course aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of Indian art by tracing the historical evolution of sculpture, architecture, and painting while situating these visual traditions within the broader framework of Indian aesthetic and philosophical thought. It seeks to familiarise learners with the foundational theories of Indian aesthetics—particularly Rasa, Dhvani, Alaṅkāra, and Abhinavagupta’s hermeneutics of aesthetic experience—and to demonstrate their relevance for interpreting visual form and meaning. Through close engagement with artworks, texts, and visual practices, the course develops the capacity for critical visual analysis, iconographic interpretation, and nuanced aesthetic evaluation. At the same time, it locates Indian art within its ritual, metaphysical, and cultural matrices, revealing how artistic production is embedded in lived traditions of devotion, performance, and worldview. By foregrounding cultural heritage and encouraging interdisciplinary approaches, the course ultimately enables learners to understand Indian art not merely as historical artefacts but as dynamic expressions of perception, emotion, and cultural continuity.

Syllabus

Total Credit – 3 Course Duration – Six months

Upon successful completion of the course, learners will acquire a comprehensive understanding of the historical development of Indian art across sculpture, architecture, and painting, and will be able to interpret artistic forms through the lens of classical Indian aesthetic theory. They will develop the ability to apply key concepts such as Rasa and Dhvani to the critical analysis of visual, spatial, and architectural expressions, enabling a deeper appreciation of meaning beyond surface representation. The course will cultivate advanced skills in visual reading, iconographic interpretation, and aesthetic evaluation, while also fostering the capacity to situate artworks within their broader philosophical, ritual, and cultural contexts. Learners will further be equipped to engage critically with issues of heritage and visual culture, encouraging interdisciplinary and heritage-based perspectives that connect artistic practice with lived traditions, collective memory, and contemporary cultural discourse.

MODULE – I (Weeks 1–4)
Foundations of Indian Arts and Aesthetics

Unit 1: Indian Worldview and Arts
a. Concepts of Dharma, Rta, Puruṣārtha, and Cosmology
b. Sacred vs Secular in Indian Art
c. Art as Darśana (visual philosophy)

Unit 2: Introduction to Indian Aesthetics
a. Bharata’s Nāṭyaśāstra
b. Rasa Theory
c. Role of Sahr̥daya (aesthetic perceiver)
d. Aesthetic meaning beyond literal form

Unit 3: Elements of Art – Five Schools of Indian Aesthetics
a. Alankarwad – Bhamah
b. Ritisiddhant – Vaman
c. Dhwani Siddhant – Anand Vardhan
d. Vakrokti – Kuntak
e. Auchitya Vada – Khemindra


MODULE – II (Weeks 5–8)
Indian Sculpture: Form, Iconography & Aesthetic Vision

Unit 4: Origins of Indian Sculpture
a. Indus Valley terracotta and stone sculpture
b. Mauryan and Śuṅga art
c. Yakṣa, Yakṣī and early symbolism

Unit 5: Classical Indian Sculpture
a. Gupta, Mathura, Gandhāra styles
b. Ideal body (Śilpaśāstra, proportion, grace)

Unit 6: Medieval Temple Sculpture and Iconography/Iconology
a. South Indian bronze tradition
b. Chola Nataraja as an aesthetic icon
c. Bhakti and embodied devotion


MODULE – III (Weeks 9–12)
Indian Architecture: Space, Symbolism & Iconology

Unit 7: Sacred Architecture
a. Vedic altar and stūpa symbolism
b. Buddhist chaitya and vihāra

Unit 8: Hindu Temple Architecture
a. Nāgara, Drāviḍa and Vesara styles
b. Vāstu and cosmic mandala
c. Temple as body of the deity

Unit 9: Indo-Islamic Architecture
a. Mosque, tomb, garden symbolism
b. Mughal synthesis
c. Aesthetics of light, geometry, and space


MODULE – IV (Weeks 13–16)
Indian Painting Traditions

Unit 10: Early and Classical Painting
a. Ajanta, Bagh, Sittanavasal murals
b. Narrative and rasa in visual form

Unit 11: Miniature Traditions
a. Mughal, Rajput, Pahari styles
b. Rāgamālā and Bhāva depiction

Unit 12: Folk and Tribal Painting
a. Warli, Madhubani, Pattachitra, Pithora and other traditions
b. Visual myth and community memory


MODULE – V (Weeks 17–20)
Indian Aesthetic Theory in Visual Arts

Unit 13: Rasa in Painting, Sculpture and Architecture
a. Visual Rasa
b. Spatial emotion and iconography/iconology
c. Vishnudharmottara Purana/Shilpashastra

Unit 14: Abhinavagupta’s Aesthetic Hermeneutics
a. Sādhāraṇīkaraṇa
b. Universalisation of emotion
c. Aesthetic transcendence

Unit 15: Dhvani in Visual Culture
a. Suggestion in line, colour, form
b. Symbolism, silence, and absence
c. Visual metaphor


MODULE – VI (Weeks 21–24)
Modernity, Heritage & Contemporary Discourse

Unit 16: Colonial and Modern Indian Art
a. Pre-colonial and Bengal School
b. Raja Ravi Varma
c. Santiniketan
d. Baroda and other schools

Unit 17: Art, Identity & Cultural Heritage
a. Intangible cultural heritage
b. Ritual, performance and visual culture

Unit 18: Contemporary Indian Art & Aesthetics
a. Continuity of Rasa
b. Installation, digital and performance art
  • Short Assignments – 30%
  • Visual Analysis Project – 20%
  • End-term Written Examination – 30%
  • Final Project / Presentation – 20%
  • Bharata Muni – Nāṭyaśāstra (with Abhinavabhāratī of Abhinavagupta)
  • Ānandavardhana – Dhvanyāloka
  • Abhinavagupta – Locana and Abhinavabhāratī
  • Bhaṭṭa Nāyaka – (fragments on Rasa theory)
  • Mammaṭa – Kāvyaprakāśa
  • Viśvanātha – Sāhityadarpaṇa
  • Viṣṇudharmottara Purāṇa (Citrasūtra chapters)
  • Śilparatna (Śrīkumāra)
  • Mānasāra
  • Mayamata
  • Bṛhat-saṁhitā (Varāhamihira – iconographic chapters)
  • Vāstuśāstra
  • Samarāṅgaṇa Sūtradhāra (Bhoja)
  • Aparājitapṛcchā
  • C. PandeyComparative Aesthetics
  • K. DeHistory of Sanskrit Poetics
  • Raniero GnoliThe Aesthetic Experience According to Abhinavagupta
  • Masson & PatwardhanŚāntarasa and Abhinavagupta’s Philosophy of Aesthetics
  • Bimal N. PatelIndian Aesthetics and Abhinavagupta
  • Kapila VatsyayanThe Square and the Circle of the Indian Arts
  • Ananda CoomaraswamyThe Dance of Śiva
  • Stella KramrischThe Hindu Temple (Vol. I & II)
  • Heinrich ZimmerThe Art of Indian Asia
  • SivaramamurtiIndian Sculpture
  • Vidya DehejiaIndian Art
  • Debala MitraBuddhist Monuments
  • N. GoswamyIndian Painting
  • Milo C. BeachThe New Cambridge History of Indian Painting
  • Stella KramrischExploring India’s Sacred Art
  • Ajanta Murals – Ghulam Yazdani
  • Partha MitterIndian Art
  • Siva KumarSantiniketan: The Making of a Contextual Modernism
  • Geeta KapurWhen Was Modernism in India?
  • INR 11,400

Investment 
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1 Fee sturcture
Students/Professionals: Rs. 11,400/-